Tuesday, April 22, 2008

LAST BLOG!!!!

Presentations: some people freak out about them, some thrive on them. I would consider myself one who gets excited about presenting in front of a class. These English 102 presentations have been the most interesting for a multitude of reasons. The first being that it is so helpful for lost, confused freshmen to hear all about different majors. Secondly, it helps you decide if that is the major you want to do. For me, I was lucky enough to find out that Public Relations was not going to be my major any longer due to the excess writing involvement. The reason I loved this presentation was because it was very relaxed and it almost felt as if you were having a conversation with the class. I also liked the timing of it because my presentation was on Wednesday, when our rough draft was also due. It was good to do my rough draft and know exactly what my key points were going to be on my presentation. I actually didn't have to think much about what to say because it was so fresh in my mind.

I thoroughly enjoyed listening to other peoples' topics because it informed me about different jobs and majors. Reflecting back on Monday's class, I really enjoyed David's presentation. I thought he made it very easy to stay focused especially with the easy example he used about a patient hearing the following words: "You have cancer". I would say the same thing for one of the presentations that happened on the Monday a week ago. I forget who it was but he had the writing on the chalkboard and talked about how you can interpret the message in two completely different ways. I think that when people get the class involved during a presentation, it will stick in their minds longer and they will be able to recall specific peoples' topics.

Another thing that was helpful about the presentations was when people gave feedback on what they may have gotten confused with, or what they enjoyed. It was comforting to know that my topic's information surprised more people than myself. I noticed that within every discipline there are relationships that must be established and the way to establish them is through language. Even the majors that you wouldn't think need to speek, have to be aware of communication skills to succeed. I have really liked sitting in class these past weeks and learning about different peoples' passions or future jobs.

Tuesday, April 15, 2008

Public Relations & Language

Public Relations is a management tool to establish beneficial relationships (Vivian 2008). These relationships look different for each PR practitioner depending on what type of company they work for. No matter what job you work in as a PR practitioner you most likely use the media as a means of communicating to the public. The media is the most efficient way for people to communicate when your audience is so large and general. This idea of a person representing your company to the public requires someone who is well educated in communication and language. What I mean by this is that ones view of communicating must have the central focus that your language and word choice are the most important factors to persuasion. Not only must you be educated on how to use language but also you must be educated on your audience and how they perceive language. As a Public Relations practitioner your job is to create relationships between the client (or the public) and the company (or a team) and these relationships will only be started if one is able to communicate persuasively and clearly why they should even care about the business.

Jobs within PR can be anything from publicity, promotion, lobbying or fund-raising. One’s language working with publicity and promotion within athletics may look very different from another working with lobbying to the Government for a company. Also the language of issuing news releases for companies to get their information out to the public requires more varying language barriers. As far as lobbyists, they tend to work with legislators and government regulators to advise their clients (Vivian 2008). When working with the government you will run into more problems about what words you use and are those words “politically correct”. You have to make sure that while lobbying, you are being persuasive and attractive to your specific audience. Within all jobs as a Public Relations practitioner one must be informed about the local customs and know how to affect the policy. Image consulting is a branch of public relations that relates more to a spokesperson. As a spokesperson for a company, the PR practitioner must have educated language. They must present themselves with a professional approach so that the audience views them as a legitimate source of information. Another job within PR is financial public relations and this has to do with promoting sales and working with new issues and stock splits. Fund- raising with public relations is more about mailings and telephone soliciting therefore the verbal language is a necessity. In this job one must be able to communicate clearly through language because a lot of fund-raising is not face-to-face communication. The other jobs such as contingency planning and events coordination use public relations people more in a management job. These practitioners focus more on interpersonal communication and people skills.

Although there are many opportunities within Public Relations there are two main points where people’s views on PR differ. Many public relations people who are new to the field or have not yet worked in the field think that all they need are people skills to advertise and persuade others. On the other hand people working in the field recognize that the most important type of communication is written. They notice that one must be well-educated in writing, English, and language in order to succeed in PR. Someone’s initial thought about a PR person is that they go out and talk to the public and their job is solely to establish relationships. While that is a major point of PR, in order to establish those relationships good writing is mandatory. As Steward’s article says “Good writing is good Public Relations”.

When Steward describes good writing he goes into the details of employing action verbs, concrete nouns, keeping adjectives at a minimum, and even giving your reader a break every now and then. Steward also says, “If you can’t write clearly, concisely, and interestingly, how can you communicate the message you want you’re public to grasp and understand?” The answer is you cannot. In order to be a successful PR practitioner you need to be able to give all the information you have about that product, or that company in the simplest terms for the given audience. This implies that one must not use any jargon and if an unfamiliar word is used, it must be explained (Steward 2005). As the importance of writing seems to be stressed a common question would be “Isn’t the electronic age going to take over the newspaper age?” While that’s a good question many, many Communication professors have noted that there will always be print news and it will never die out. Steward goes as far to say that good writing is the most vital element in human communication. With that being said, it is obvious that your language and understanding of language can make the world of a difference as a PR person.

“There is no doubt writing is an essential public relations skill” (Wise 2005). This claim of writing being a necessity is all over the PR world. Kurt Wise’s article talks about how writing within PR can be different depending on what you’re doing. He quotes a man saying writing for the web should be shorter and more conversational as opposed to writing press releases where you have more space. The language use is obviously different here; while one PR practitioner may be writing a short enticing article to capture athletes attention, another is writing a long press release capturing more of the media world, Knowing this importance, Wise says many PR people focus on objective and persuasive writing skills. This is because you must persuade the public to be interested in your product or in whatever you are selling. Your language being persuasive can allow some people to run into more problems with ethics.

Public Relations has established something called the Code of Ethics. This code touches on how communicating with good ethics is very important to a PR person because they have to be persuasive yet truthful (Al-Khaja 2005). You naturally think of PR’s as a professional job working with companies and working in the media but you wouldn’t think they would have a reputation of dishonesty. Sadly many people do not like PR people because they persuade you in a greedy, deceitful way. Because of this problem the PRSA developed the Code of Ethics and has stressed truthful practitioners.

Wise notes that after a survey was conducted on members of the Public Relations Society of America (PRSA) they drew the conclusion that nearly 71% of their work was constituted by writing alone. As we have established the relevance of writing in PR we must not forget about the other key skills that have much to do with language. McCleneghan ranks 11 PR communication skills: active listening, coordination, critical thinking, judgment and decision-making, persuasion, reading comprehension, social perceptiveness, speaking, technology, time management, and writing competency. If one cannot grasp the language within the culture they are working with how can they actively listen to them? How can they begin to draw conclusions on persuading them? If one does not have a hold on how the media’s language, then how can they comprehend the readings or technology? It is crystal clear that language is all around the field of public relations.

Wednesday, March 12, 2008

What is Ghetto

What do you think of when you hear the word ghetto? Perhaps you think of someone of a lower class. Or perhaps you may think of a minority group. Some think of a location that is run down. I urge you to think differently; to think of ghetto as not a way to describe someone but as a place in which an ordinary group of people live, not necessarily blacks or Hispanics or poor people. The reason I urge you to do so is because of the development of the word ghetto.

This word was first recorded, according to the Oxford English Dictionary in 1611 to refer to a family's living situation: "The place where the whole fraternity of the Iews dwelleth together, which is called the Ghetto." During the Renaissance movement this word became more popular to describe the area where the Jews were secluded to ("Ghetto"). Ghetto was not used with an extreme negative connotation, nor did it refer to a run down part of the city. It was specifically used in Italy at first and later spread throughout Europe ("Ghetto"). Although the Jews were forced to live together in this area, it seems as though they preferred to live with people who believed in the same religous values as they did. According to the article titled "Ghetto" many of the Jews found this a great place to establish their own cultural rules and beliefs. This strikes me because I have always thought that during this time period the Jews were very unhappy with being neglected but in reality they did not see it as being neglected. The word Ghetto to them meant more than being forced into a living situation, it meant a community.

This word was later used in the 1930's when referring to where the Jews were placed by Hitler. The Jews lived in the Ghetto before they were sent off to concentration camps ("The Ghettos"). The difference in this word is more of in the context. Originally the court of the Ghetto was a location in Italy and when the Nazi's took over there were soon 300 Ghettos in Europe. After Hitler ruled and the US began to enter into World War II, the word Ghetto spread to America ("Ghetto"). It was then described as "A quarter in a city, especially a thickly populated slum area, inhabited by a minority group."

Now I bet you're thinking 'this is the definition that I recognize.' This is how it is used most commonly now because when it was brought over to America it was associated with a negative idea from WWII. Even when it became a popular word in America the people living in the ghetto didn't seem to think of it negatively. Many blacks of different economic status lived together in what they called the ghetto. African Americans living here enjoyed it and thought of it just as the Jews originally viewed it- they saw it as a place of "authentic blackness" (Smitherman).

Another trend of the word ghetto is now to use it as not only a noun but an adjective as well. It's common to hear someone say "their car is ghetto" or "their clothes are ghetto" or even "they talk ghetto". Most people know that when you say their car is ghetto you are saying it's a beat up, old car that was most likely not expensive. Our generation has begun to use ghetto more lose and the definition has broadened and at the same time became more negative and a way to show your superior to another.

So my question for you is why then do you view it so negatively? If people living there don't view it as negative then why do we? A possible answer could be to make ourselves feel more superior to another group. Another answer is simple; we view it negatively because we have the wrong definition of what ghetto should mean. This is a problem because the more you widen the definition the more controversy there will be. The more lose a word becomes the more options there are for someone to be offended. I offer you a way to think of ghetto differently because it has become offensive and negative. Another feasible answer comes from Martin Luther King: "But while so many white Americans are unaware of conditions inside the ghetto, there are very few ghetto dwellers who are unaware of the life outside. The television sets bombard them day by day with the opulence of the larger society." MLK has a great point saying that Americans not living in the ghetto are unaware of what happens there. This is a great point because I was unaware that Jews and blacks both liked their Ghetto. 

Seeing as how the word ghetto has changed from a noun to a adjective, from a select location in Italy to any location that's run down, this word needs a final definition. I suggest for one to use the word as a noun; an area where a group of people reside. This group is people who relate to eachother in some sort of way that unites them. For instance, the blacks related to one another by various social pressures but did not all have the same economic status ("Ghetto"). There are various reasons why this word should not be used as a adjective but the general reason is it has become offensive. It has been seen as putting someone down when you call their clothes or car ghetto. Why make a word that means an area of living into an offensive term?

Works Cited

Oxford English Dictionary (O.E.D.)
http://dictionary.oed.com/cgi/entry/50094276?query_type=word&queryword=ghetto&first=1&max_to_show=10&sort_type=alpha&result_place=1&search_id=7U4v-zgW28e-6922&hilite=50094276

"Ghetto" http://kpearson.faculty.tcnj.edu/Dictionary/ghetto.htm

"The Ghettos." A Teacher’s Guide to the Holocaust. The Florida Center for Instructional Technology. 15 July 2001

Smitherman, Geneva. Black Talk: Words and Phrases from the Hood to the Amen Corner. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2000

Wednesday, March 5, 2008

What does it mean to communicate effectively?

In my opinion, communicating effectively is to get your point across however you can, whether you're using "correct grammar" or not. In teachers' opinions it seems to be using the correct word choice, punctuation, tense, and even word order. What I don't understand is if they can get what you are saying, why does it matter? Looking at grammar help websites they talk about interjections, determiners, pronoun consistency, primer language, and many more foreign terms. If these are so important to teachers why do we not constantly go over them instead of reading books? 

I know I'm biased in this blog because I am terrible at grammar. When I was younger my mom had to buy me a computer grammar game so I would learn not to make certain words plural and other grammar nonsense. Well my question here is why did my mom have to go out and buy me this game in order to learn it? Why wasn't I learning it in school? I think sometimes the case was that I didn't learn as quickly so I probably fell behind but I also don't remember my teachers really explaining why you should write a certain way. Whenever I got a paper back it just had the correction without an explanation so I wasn't learning the grammar rules, I was just replacing or changing a word for no reason. 

Now don't get me wrong, I do not think all grammar is useless. I think it is necessary to have some rules to writing because, like someone in class said, it creates a common ground for anyone learning the language. It also teaches you how to write and this is important in an academic setting where you may be giving a speech, or you may be writing for a job. My point is more of on the lines of when grammar gets too nit picky. I think it has gotten way out of hand that teachers expect students to know certain "rules" that students were never taught. Like I said before, if they are going to take off that many points from your paper then they should spend some time going over their rules. I do feel uneducated in a sense when I don't know grammar and people correct me but the point shouldn't be how we word something, it should just be about comprehending what one is communicating.

Friday, February 8, 2008

Dialect and our Society

To me a dialect is an informal version of a main, formal language. An example is how Spanish is spoken different in Spain than it is in Mexico. I think this could mean English has a lot of dialects. A dialect usually results because of regional differences. I think Southern-English, Northern-English, Black English, street talk, etc. are all examples of dialect. They all are English and all have the same grammatical rules for writing but speak different. A reason I would consider this dialect is because of the noticeable difference there is within these sub-culture's languages. The man who called about housing advertising using an African American, Hispanic, and Standard English accent proved the relevance dialect has in our culture today. It is sad that dialect creates such racism and discrimination.

To be completely honest I didn't realize linguistic profiling was such a prevalent issue. When I watched the video "Do You Speak American?" I was shocked and disturbed. I did not realize that people would discriminate against your race just based off of the sound of your voice. There is the question of why they are doing it; is it for their business so that no one moves out when one moves in, or is it just because they themselves are racist? I don't think many people are just that outright racist and wouldn't give you the house because they had a problem with another race. I think the real issue is the neighborhood and who is already in it. I can understand how the realtor wouldn't want to cause more to move out based on one moving in but this just proves that racism is never going to end. It is always there, we can push it down and suppress it, but something will happen that will bring it back up. This is not a problem with a realtor; it is a problem with our society.

Thursday, January 31, 2008

Cripple

One of our readings was written by Nancy Mairs and her story titled On Being A Cripple. This story of Nancy definitely caught me off guard. I understood her point of how she decided she would call herself a cripple thus giving this sort of power to her. It was interesting how she described "Cripple" to be a clean word that was straightforward and precise. I guess I do not naturally think of that word to be a clean word; instead I would imagine "handicapped" to be more of a clean word. Either way Mairs was correct by saying it's straightforward. 

I picture this labeling of her as a cripple is not just giving her power but more so giving power to other people. Yes, it gives her power by her telling people she is a cripple and it's almost as if she just admits it and says, so what? I think that is great but I also think that she is putting a label on herself and therefore allowing people to put limits on her. I agree with Mairs when she says, "whatever you call me, I remain crippled." The name cripple or handicapped or even disabled means the same thing- she is not physically capable of some of the things that others are. But to me putting that name on herself as "cripple", it's almost like she is saying that is her identity; that is who she is. That is where I think people begin to limit handicapped, crippled, or disabled people. 

I once did work crew for a week with special needs kids at a Young Life camp. It was a very eye-opening week for me. I really would say that week changed my view of the word "handicapped". At this camp kids who have lived in a wheel chair were able to go tubing behind a boat, kids whose arms were so weak and barely able to move played ping pong. Nothing magical happened, God did not all of the sudden heal their disease; what happened was ordinary people gave them hope and did not limit them. Ordinary people were willing to step out of their comfort zone, put all labels aside, and help them hold a racket. To me, it was almost as if their disease was being healed because I have had this idea of what being a cripple means. I had this idea that they could never do anything of those active events. I cannot explain how much I grew by the end of that week. 

That is why when I read this article it took me back because it seemed as though she was in a way allowing people to limit her by openly calling herself a cripple. I do not think Mairs' intentions were for me to get that idea out of this reading, because I do see her point about how it liberated herself to say "I am a cripple". 

Tuesday, January 29, 2008

Power in the hands of the Police

My news article titled "Police Shooting of Mother and Infant Exposes a City's Racial Tension" was written about a town called Lima in Ohio. This article presents a lot of information about the culture in the city and how diverse it is. What is interesting is that 27% of the community is African American yet out of 77 police officers, only 2 are African American. Because of this and many other issues Blacks feel gained up on by the police officers. These police officers execute their power in a racist way and now Blacks are taking a step forward. 
The article mainly focuses on the community and racial issues but the final straw was when Ms. Wilson was shot and killed for an unknown reason. Her baby was also shot and injured. The Police broke into Ms. Wilson's home with the intent of arresting her companion, Anthony Terry, for drug dealing. The community has done protests and held marches in response to what they think was a shooting because of her race. This news write-up really talks about the racism in the town and how it is only getting worse. 


What I do know about their culture is that it is very diverse but that does not mean everyone gets along. The majority of police officers do not live in Lima; they live in farm towns outside of Lima. What I would like to know is how these towns are segregated by neighborhoods. I would also need a lot more information from the police on how Ms. Wilson was shot. There are many questions a fieldworker would need to gather and I think a lot of them will come from either the Police or the neighbors of Ms. Wilson. The fieldworker would need to know more about other acts of racism from the police that can be further investigated. I think as a fieldworker I would study the other races within Lima and see how the Police treat them.

The fieldworker would need to go all around Lima and maybe even look at the farm towns where most Police live. This could explain how they have grown up and why they use power the way they do. There is a lot of information that could be further investigated as a fieldworker but as a journalist I feel like they did a great job at explaining the culture of Lima.